These conclusions seem to conflict with one another so much that some commentators suggest that a later editor, not Hosea, added the positive ideas of hope.23 Since it was common for the prophets to legitimate repentance, both by reviewing the disadvantages of suffering under the wrath of God’s judgment and by recounting the tremendous advantages of enjoying God’s blessing, our approach is close to the conclusions of F. I. Andersen and D. N. Freedman, that “the book is essentially the work of a single